奇妙之旅~漫步二十三年的食物森林
My philosophy about,
what to do in the world isn't,
go to a pristine area and live there
and enjoy your life.
It's to find a place that's degraded
and fix it up.
关于在这个世界上做什么，
我的哲学观念，
不是去一个未开发的的地区，
待在那里，享受你的生活，
而是找到一个生态退化的地方去修复它。
Twenty-three years ago we started
developing the food forest system here.
二十三年前，我们开始在这里
开始种植食物森林系统。
A food forest is
a permanent planting.
食物森林是一个
永续性的种植系统。
So you want to set it up,
just like a forest system.
The big trees and the middle-size trees,
the bottom layer and the ground layer.
They work together,
some plants take up some minerals and
give others back
and another one does something else
It's really lovely to put them together and
create a forest system,
that's for birds and insects and for us.
所以你想要构架它，
就像森林系统一样。
这里有大树和中等大小的树木，
还有低层和地被层。
它们一起协作，
一些植物吸收一些矿物质，
再传递给别的植物，
另外一些发挥其他的功能
将它们组合在一起
并创建一个森林系统真的很棒，
这对于鸟类和昆虫
以及我们人类来说都是如此。
We've got 480 different species of plants
at last count and
that doesn't include
the 80 different types of apples and
the 16 different types of gooseberries.
我们最近一次的统计，
有480种不同的植物，
其中不包括80种不同类型的苹果
和16种不同类型的醋栗。
Growing out in the forest garden there,
aside from the native trees,
which I've used as a framework
or a platform for building everything else
and those provide me
with shelter from the wind and
also nest sites for the birds,
and the birds are really important player
in the management of the garden.
在那里的森林花园里长大，
除了原生树木，
我用它作为框架或平台建造其他所有东西
这些都为我提供了遮风避雨的庇护所，
也为鸟类提供了筑巢的环境，
鸟类是管理花园的重要角色。
In the second layer down to that
we have our fruit tree layer,
which is our heritage apples
and pears and plums,
and nectarines and peaches, apricots,
在原生树木下面的第二层，
是我们的果树层，
这是我们的传统品种的苹果，
梨和李子，
油桃和桃子，杏
Those kinds of "production trees"
I suppose you'd call them,
but that's not really how I think of them.
In our forest garden I've got
about 120 fruit trees,
there are 80 different apple trees alone of
all different names that I've got from
the old heritage orchards.
那些我想你会称之为“生产型树木”种类的,
但我并不这样看它们。
在我们的森林花园里，
我有大约120棵果树，
光苹果树就有80多种，
有着各自不同的名字，
这些苹果树都是从我那有年头的
“传家宝”果园中得到的。
The apple trees are a special favorite of mine
because each one
has a different story and history,
and some are more than 500 years old.
我特别喜爱苹果树，
因为每一棵都有不同的故事和历史，
有些已超过500年。
So as I walk around here
I know each of the trees very well and the…
some are eating, some are cooking,
some are sweet and crunchy,
some are quite dense and firm,
因此，当我漫步其间，
我非常了解这里的每棵树，
有些用来吃，有些用来做饭，
有些是甜脆的，
有些是相当密集和坚固的，
and like humans they're very individual
and they're all got a special way
that they're worth passing on.
和人类一样，他们非常个性，
而这种特殊的个性，
值得代代相传。
And then below that a layer of berry fruits
and currants, red currants,
black currants, white currants
and gooseberries, Worcester berries,
all of those sorts of shrubby plants
that like to grow in the semi-shade.
然后再往下，是一层浆果和黑醋栗，
红醋栗，黑醋栗，
白醋栗和鹅莓，伍斯特浆果，
以及所有那些喜欢在半阴影下生长的灌木植物
In December you start getting berries
and then the plums come on,
then the pears and apples,
and so we have fruit here to harvest
10 months of the year.
在12月你开始获得浆果，
之后是李子，然后是梨和苹果，
所以我们在这里一年中有10个月的收获期。
Wrapping around all of that are the biennial
and perennial herb,
some of which are edible,
some of which are medicinal,
and then below that there are bulbs
and root crops that grow,
such as parsnips and wild carrots
those kinds of things.
围绕所有这些木本植物的是两年生
和多年生草本植物，
其中一些是可食用的，
一些是药用的，
然后在其下面有生长的球茎和块根作物，
例如欧洲防风草和野胡萝卜- 这些类型的东西。
And then winding their way up though
these things are vines like grape vines
and kiwifruit and Manchuriangooseberries
and hops and all sorts of things,
which kind of bind everything together
and tie the forest together.
然后蜿蜒向上缠绕这些草本木本植物的，
是像葡萄藤和猕猴桃，
满洲鹅莓和啤酒花
以及各种各样的藤本植物，
它们将所有东西绑在一起并将森林系在一起。
So what I've tried to do here,
even though it's Southland
and grapes struggle a little bit to produce
good grapes down here,
good crops down here ,
is that I've multiplied out,
propagated out dozens
and dozens of grapes that I've collected
in from all Southland and Otago
, grown them and planted them
at the base of various trees that we've got here.
所以我试图在这里做的，
即使它是在南兰（新西兰一个地名），
这里的葡萄通常产出不是很好
这里好的葡萄，这里好的作物
是我繁殖培育出来的：我从南兰和奥塔哥
收集了很多的葡萄品种，
繁殖培育它们
并种植在我们这里的各种树木的底部。
Like this one underneath this cabbage tree here
this one's been in for a few years now
and has really taken off up into the canopy.
像这个巨朱蕉下面的那个
这一个已经存在了几年，
并且真的已经进入了树冠。
But I'm taking that idea and spreading it
right throughout the whole forest garden
in a way trying to bind together the canopy
in a way that I've never seen before
in any other forest garden.
但我正在接受这个想法并传播到整个森林花园中
试图以一种
我从未在任何其他森林花园中见过的方式
将树冠捆绑在一起。
And not only will get it give a different layer
or level to the garden,
it may even get to the point
where we could travel alone those vines,
if we were adroit and nimble enough!
它不仅会给花园带来
不同的层次或层级，
而且，如果我们足够的灵活，
我们甚至可以顺着藤蔓在花园里独自旅行。
We're in the temperate zone
at the bottom of the South Island
and quite exposed to the elements,
especially the southwesters
that come in off the southern ocean.
我们位于南兰底部的温带地区，
并且很容易受其他元素干扰，
特别是来自南方海洋的西南风。
We've got a hill behind us sheltering us
from the southwest winds
and we face north,
looking over the estuary
and mountains and the hills,
so it's a really ideal situation.
我们身后有一座小山，
为我们遮挡西南风，
我们面向北方，
俯瞰河口，山脉和山丘，
所以这是一个非常理想的位置。
When we first came up
to have a look at this place it was ramshackle,
to say the least!
This area where the house is
now was completely covered in junk
and the remains of the old house
that had caught fire.
当我们第一次来看这个地方时，
他是有些破败不堪。
这个房子现在完全被垃圾
和旧房子的火灾遗骸所覆盖。
So, most people
would have not even crossed
the threshold of the property
to have a look at the property,
I don't think so,
because it didn't look very appealing.
But to us it did.
所以，大多数人
甚至没有越过地产的边界来看一眼，
我不认为他们会，
因为它看起来不太吸引人。
但对我们来说还是很有吸引。
Because I thought,
well for one thing,
nobody wants it,
so it's probably going to the cheap,
and it was: cheap to buy.
And secondly I thought: I can fix this.
因为我认为，
首先如果没有人想要它，
它可能会变得便宜，
而事实也是如此。
其次我想：我可以修复这里。
One of the really fortunate things
about this piece of land,
and we saw it the day
we came here for the first time,
was that it had a creek flowing through it,
although initially
it wasn't flowing at all.
It was just a muddy sink-hole, really.
真正幸运的事情之一是，
有一条小溪流过这块土地。
虽然我们第一次来到这里的那一天，
最初它根本没有流动。
那是它真的只是一个泥泞的水沟。
The creek and spring
that we discovered had been
the neighborhood rubbish place.
They threw all their things in there.
我们发现的小溪和泉水
成了附近居民倒垃圾的场所。
他们把所有的东西扔在那里。
So, at first, we got all these aluminum cans
and then coke bottles
and then we got right down
to hobnail boots
and Victorian pottery.
所以，起初我们得到了
所有这些铝罐，可乐瓶，
之后再往下我们就捡到了钉子靴
和维多利亚时代的陶器。
And now it is this beautiful open spring
running across a rocky bed
and even the spring over here to my left.
With that in place and opened
and planted out.
而现在这是这个美丽的
露天泉水穿过一个岩石床，
甚至涌溅到我身边。
泉水在这里涌现，展开，
植物也跟着生长。
I noticed that there were fish in it,
swimming up stream.
The stream runs right down to the estuary,
the Jacobs River estuary,
at the bottom of the landscape here.
我注意到里面有鱼，
游向上游。
溪流一直延伸到河口，
雅各布斯河的河口，
就在这片地景的尽头
And the galaxies,
the native whitebait family,
of which there are 7 or 9,
a whole lot of different ones,
they swim up these streams,
heading up as far as they can possibly go.
We don't feed them,
we don't fuss over tem,
but I do sneak up
and look at them as often as I possibly can.
而银河，本地的银鱼家族，
其中有7或9个不同的品种，
它们尽可能的向这些溪流上游游去。
我们不喂它们，也不会替他们焦虑，
但我会悄悄地地尽可能多地
经常去看着它们。
But it's a huge bonus,
because… because of the approach
that we've taken,
rather than having it grassed down to
the edge of the creek or straightened into a drain
the way so many people do
when they see a water body
that they can't control,
by leaving it natural with all of its stones
and its fallen leaves and so on,
these fish find it good…good habitat
to come up into
and we're kind of blessed
by having them here.
但这是一个巨大的奖励，
因为...因为我们采取的方法，
而不是像很多人看到他们不能控制的水体后，
就将草坪一直铺到小溪的边缘，
或者将水岸拉直成排水渠一般。
我们将其所有的石头和落叶等自然地保持下来，
这些鱼发现它能进入的良好栖息地，
我们在这里拥有它们是有点幸运的。
I think that as a forest gardener one of things
that you do come to realize is that
you're a bit-player,
you're not…you're not
the main driver out there!
我认为作为森林园丁，
你会发现一件事：你会慢慢意识到你是小角色，
你不是......
不是那里的主要引领者！
And really, you're responsibility
becomes learning more
about how that works,
stepping back, being a bit more relaxed
about the whole thing
that and just watching those processes
实际上，你的责任就是
更多地了解它是如何运作的
退一步来说，
对整个事情稍微放松一点，
只是观察这些过程，
and even changing the way
that you think about harvest
and about what you eat,
or what you need from your garden.
甚至改变你对收获
和你吃什么的看法，
或者你对你的花园的需求。
And so your diet could changes, as ours has,
and rather than looking to eat lettuces,
we might eat Alexanders
or a perennial French sorrel.
所以你的饮食可能会
像我们的饮食一样改变，
与其去吃生菜，
我们可能会吃亚历山大芹
或多年生的法国酸模。
If you really want to live off your land
and have everything that you want,
you have to
diversify your food.
如果你真的想要靠你的土地来生活
并拥有你想要的一切，
你必须使你的食物
多样化。
And so we have things like nettle soup
and those kinds of things that you,
otherwise wouldn't eat,
but you realize these actually are really good vegetables
and they 're really good for you.
我们有荨麻汤和你通常不会吃的那些东西，
但是你会发现这些真的是很好的蔬菜，
它们对你真的很有益。
But we do really like to have kumara,
but can't grow it here
so we still buy kumara
and avocados and things.
So we'd say probably about 70% of our food
comes from here.
但我们确实喜欢红薯，
但不能在这里种植，
所以我们仍然会购买红薯和牛油果等。
所以说我们的食物大概70％
来自这里。
What I really love about living in a forest garden
is the change of seasons.
So this is early spring, it's early October,
and it's time for the apple blossoms
and at this same time, the,
all the herbs that pollinate insects come up,
and they start flowering.
我真正喜欢住在森林花园里的原因
是这里季节的交替。
这时候是早春，也就是十月初，
现在是苹果开花的时候了，
同时，所有草本都会开始开花，
为它们授粉的昆虫也出现了。
At the same time,
the undergrowth comes up
from being just a ground cover,
protecting the ground,
it comes up and becomes,
like this level,
and in two weeks' time they'll be this high.
与此同时，
林下植物长出来成为地面覆盖物，
保护地面，
它出现并变得像这个高度一样，
并且在两个星期后它们会变得如此之高。
And we use all this lovely herbal ley sort of stuff
to feed the trees
and tot put around the place.
We do have cabbage trees,
which are really wonderful,
as our canopy.
They don't give a lot of shade,
but they do provide homes for the starlings.
我们使用所有这些可爱的草本堆
来喂养树木，
然后把它放在这个地方。
我们确实有巨朱蕉，
它们真的很棒，
就像我们的树冠一样。
它们不会产生很多阴影，
但它们确实为欧椋鸟提供了家园。
In the ti kouka, the cabbage trees,
that I've got growing there,
the starlings nest in almost all of them,
and those starlings
as they're feeding their younkers,
their babies, are flying out
and finding any soft-bodied caterpillar
or grub they can,
so there's our pest management
for that kind of thing.
也就是我种在那里的巨朱蕉，
几乎每棵树上面都有欧椋鸟在那里筑巢，
那些欧椋鸟正在喂养他们的幼雏，
它们飞出来找到任何软体的毛毛虫
或者他们可以吃蛴螬，
所以这就是我们管理害虫的方式。
Hundreds of birds and insects come
and live here naturally.
So, it's really lovely,
once we'd set up the trees
and the insect-attracting herbs
and the insects came,
the birds came,
and we have a huge range of native and English birds.
数以百计的鸟类和昆虫
自然而然地来到并居住在这里。
所以，这个过程很美妙，
一旦我们建立树木和吸引昆虫的草本，
便会有昆虫来了，
鸟类也来了，
我们有大量的本地的和英国鸟类。
And we do introduce some:
we've got some chickens
you can hear them in the background.
我们会介绍一下：
我们有一些鸡
你可以在后院听到它们。
Three seasons of the year
they roam in the forest garden,
so they're free,
all the hens and the rest we've got
but in the spring,
we've got little seedlings going out.
一年中有三季他们是自由的，
所有的母鸡和其他的家禽
可以在森林花园里漫步
除了春季，
因为我们已经有些幼苗长出来。
We have to keep them in
because they know where we plant them
they've got instincts.
So, I think they're pretty lucky
and it's nice
when they've got an acre of
a forest garden
to walk around,
they're very happy.
我们必须圈住它们，
因为它们知道我们种植的地方
它们有直觉。
所以，我认为它们非常幸运，
当有一英亩的森林花园可以走动时，
它们会非常高兴。
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